## Scriptdef

### Description

`Scriptdef` can be used to define an Apache Ant task using a scripting language. Ant scripting languages supported by Apache BSF or JSR 223 may be used to define the script. `Scriptdef` provides a mechanism to encapsulate control logic from a build within an Ant task minimizing the need for providing control style tasks in Ant itself. Complex logic can be made available while retaining the simple structure of an Ant build file. `Scriptdef` is also useful for prototyping new custom tasks. Certainly as the complexity of the script increases it would be better to migrate the task definition into a Java based custom task.

Note: This task depends on external libraries not included in the Ant distribution. See Library Dependencies for more information.

The attributes and nested elements supported by the task may be defined using `<attribute>` and `<element>` nested elements. These are available to the script that implements the task as two collection style script variables `attributes` and `elements`. The elements in the `attributes` collection may be accessed by the attribute name. The `elements` collection is accessed by the nested element name. This will return a list of all instances of the nested element. The instances in this list may be accessed by an integer index.

Note: Ant will turn all attribute and element names into all lowercase names, so even if you use name=SomeAttribute, you'll have to use someattribute to retrieve the attribute's value from the `attributes` collection.

The name `self` (since Ant 1.6.3) is a pre-defined reference to the `scriptdef` task instance. It can be used for logging, or for integration with the rest of Ant. The `self.text` attribute contains any nested text passed to the script

If an attribute or element is not passed in, then `attributes.get()` or `elements.get()` will return null. It is up to the script to perform any checks and validation. `self.fail(String message)`can be used to raise a `BuildException`.

The name `project` is a pre-defined reference to the Ant Project. For more information on writing scripts, please refer to the `<script>` task.

### Parameters

Attribute | Description | Required
--- | --- | ---
name | the name of the task to be created using the script | Yes
language | The programming language the script is written in. Must be a supported Apache BSF or JSR 223 language | Yes
manager | The script engine manager to use. See the script task for using this attribute. | No; default is auto
src | The location of the script as a file, if not inline | No
encoding | The encoding of the script as a file. since Ant 1.10.2. | No; defaults to default JVM character encoding
compiled | If true, the script is compiled before the first evaluation for faster multiple executions, on the condition that the manager is javax and the target engine implements `javax.script.Compilable`. Note that the bsf manager may automatically compile the script. since Ant 1.10.2. | No; defaults to false
uri | The XML namespace uri that this definition should live in. | No
classpath | The classpath to pass into the script. | No
classpathref | The classpath to use, given as a reference to a path defined elsewhere. | No
loaderRef | the name of the loader that is used to load the script, constructed from the specified classpath. This allows multiple script definitions to reuse the same class loader. | No

### Parameters specified as nested elements

#### attribute

Attribute | Description | Required
--- | --- | ---
name | the name of the attribute | Yes

#### element

Attribute | Description | Required
--- | --- | ---
name | the name of the nested element to be supported by the task defined by the script | Yes
classname | the classname of the class to be used for the nested element. This specifies the class directly and is an alternative to specifying the Ant type name. | No
type | This is the name of an Ant task or type which is to be used when this element is to be created. This is an alternative to specifying the class name directly. If the type is in a namespace, the URI and a : must be prefixed to the type. For example type=antlib:example.org:newtype | No

#### classpath

See the script task for using this nested element.

#### any resource collection

Since Ant 1.7.1

This task can load scripts from any resource supplied as a nested element.

### Examples

The following definition creates a task which supports an attribute called attr and two nested elements, one being a fileset and the other a path. When executed, the resulting task logs the value of the attribute and the basedir of the first fileset.

    <scriptdef name="scripttest" language="javascript">
      <attribute name="attr1"/>
      <element name="fileset" type="fileset"/>
      <element name="path" type="path"/>
      <![CDATA[

        self.log("Hello from script");
        self.log("Attribute attr1 = " + attributes.get("attr1"));
        self.log("First fileset basedir = "
          + elements.get("fileset").get(0).getDir(project));

      ]]>
    </scriptdef>

    <scripttest attr1="test">
      <path>
        <pathelement location="src"/>
      </path>
      <fileset dir="src"/>
      <fileset dir="main"/>
    </scripttest>

The following variation on the above script lists the number of fileset elements and iterates through them

    <scriptdef name="scripttest2" language="javascript">
      <element name="fileset" type="fileset"/>
      <![CDATA[
        filesets = elements.get("fileset");
        self.log("Number of filesets = " + filesets.size());
        for (i = 0; i < filesets.size(); ++i) {
          self.log("fileset " + i + " basedir = "
            + filesets.get(i).getDir(project));
        }
      ]]>
    </scriptdef>

    <scripttest2>
      <fileset dir="src"/>
      <fileset dir="main"/>
    </scripttest2>

When a script has a syntax error, the `scriptdef` name will be listed in the error. For example in the above script, removing the closing curly bracket would result in this error

    build.xml:15: SyntaxError: missing } in compound
    statement (scriptdef <scripttest2>; line 10)

Script errors are only detected when a `script` task is actually executed.

The next example does uses nested text in Jython. It also declares the script in a new xml namespace, which must be used to refer to the task. Declaring scripts in a new namespace guarantees that Ant will not create a task of the same (namespace,localname) name pair.

    <target name="echo-task-jython">
      <scriptdef language="jython"
                 name="echo"
                 uri="https://example.org/script">
          <![CDATA[
    self.log("text: " +self.text)
          ]]>
        </scriptdef>
    </target>

    <target name="testEcho" depends="echo-task-jython"
            xmlns:s="https://example.org/script">
      <s:echo>nested text</s:echo>
    </target>

The next example shows the use of `<classpath>` and loaderref to get access to the beanshell jar.

    <scriptdef name="b1" language="beanshell"
               loaderref="beanshell-ref">
      <attribute name="a"/>
      <classpath path="${user.home}/scripting/beanshell/bsh-1.3b1.jar"/>
      self.log("attribute a is " + attributes.get("a"));
    </scriptdef>

    <scriptdef name="b2" language="beanshell"
               loaderref="beanshell-ref">
      <attribute name="a2"/>
      self.log("attribute a2 is " + attributes.get("a2"));
    </scriptdef>

    <b1 a="this is an 'a'"/>
    <b2 a2="this is an 'a2' for b2"/>

### Testing scripts

The easiest way to test scripts is to use the AntUnit Ant library. This will run all targets in a script that begin with test (and their dependencies).