Module: ActionView::Helpers::FormOptionsHelper

### Home Classes Methods

### In Files

- lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb

### Methods

- #collection_select
- #grouped_collection_select
- #grouped_options_for_select
- #option_groups_from_collection_for_select
- #options_for_select
- #options_from_collection_for_select
- #select
- #time_zone_options_for_select
- #time_zone_select

### Included Modules

- ActionView::Helpers::TextHelper

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# ActionView::Helpers::FormOptionsHelper

Provides a number of methods for turning different kinds of containers into a set of option tags.

## Options

The `collection_select`, `select` and `time_zone_select` methods take an `options` parameter, a hash:

- `:include_blank` - set to true or a prompt string if the first option element of the select element is a blank. Useful if there is not a default value required for the select element.

For example,

    select("post", "category", Post::CATEGORIES, {:include_blank => true})

could become:

    <select name="post[category]">
      <option></option>
      <option>joke</option>
      <option>poem</option>
    </select>

Another common case is a select tag for an `belongs_to`-associated object.

Example with @post.person_id => 2:

    select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {:include_blank => 'None'})

could become:

    <select name="post[person_id]">
      <option value="">None</option>
      <option value="1">David</option>
      <option value="2" selected="selected">Sam</option>
      <option value="3">Tobias</option>
    </select>

- `:prompt` - set to true or a prompt string. When the select element doesn't have a value yet, this prepends an option with a generic prompt -- "Please select" -- or the given prompt string.

Example:

    select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {:prompt => 'Select Person'})

could become:

    <select name="post[person_id]">
      <option value="">Select Person</option>
      <option value="1">David</option>
      <option value="2">Sam</option>
      <option value="3">Tobias</option>
    </select>

Like the other form helpers, `select` can accept an `:index` option to manually set the ID used in the resulting output. Unlike other helpers, `select` expects this option to be in the `html_options` parameter.

Example:

    select("album[]", "genre", %w[rap rock country], {}, { :index => nil })

becomes:

    <select name="album[][genre]" id="album__genre">
      <option value="rap">rap</option>
      <option value="rock">rock</option>
      <option value="country">country</option>
    </select>

- `:disabled` - can be a single value or an array of values that will be disabled options in the final output.

Example:

    select("post", "category", Post::CATEGORIES, {:disabled => 'restricted'})

could become:

    <select name="post[category]">
      <option></option>
      <option>joke</option>
      <option>poem</option>
      <option disabled="disabled">restricted</option>
    </select>

When used with the `collection_select` helper, `:disabled` can also be a Proc that identifies those options that should be disabled.

Example:

    collection_select(:post, :category_id, Category.all, :id, :name, {:disabled => lambda{|category| category.archived? }})

If the categories "2008 stuff" and "Christmas" return true when the method `archived?` is called, this would return:

    <select name="post[category_id]">
      <option value="1" disabled="disabled">2008 stuff</option>
      <option value="2" disabled="disabled">Christmas</option>
      <option value="3">Jokes</option>
      <option value="4">Poems</option>
    </select>

### Public Instance Methods

collection_select(object, method, collection, value_method, text_method, options = {}, html_options = {}) click to toggle source

Returns `<select>` and `<option>` tags for the collection of existing return values of `method` for `object`'s class. The value returned from calling `method` on the instance `object` will be selected. If calling `method` returns `nil`, no selection is made without including `:prompt` or `:include_blank` in the `options` hash.

The `:value_method` and `:text_method` parameters are methods to be called on each member of `collection`. The return values are used as the `value` attribute and contents of each `<option>` tag, respectively.

Example object structure for use with this method:

    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :author
    end
    class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :posts
      def name_with_initial
        "#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}"
      end
    end

Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Post, `@post`):

    collection_select(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial, :prompt => true)

If `@post.author_id` is already `1`, this would return:

    <select name="post[author_id]">
      <option value="">Please select</option>
      <option value="1" selected="selected">D. Heinemeier Hansson</option>
      <option value="2">D. Thomas</option>
      <option value="3">M. Clark</option>
    </select>

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 190
    def collection_select(object, method, collection, value_method, text_method, options = {}, html_options = {})
      InstanceTag.new(object, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_collection_select_tag(collection, value_method, text_method, options, html_options)
    end

grouped_collection_select(object, method, collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, options = {}, html_options = {}) click to toggle source

Returns `<select>`, `<optgroup>` and `<option>` tags for the collection of existing return values of `method` for `object`'s class. The value returned from calling `method` on the instance `object` will be selected. If calling `method` returns `nil`, no selection is made without including `:prompt` or `:include_blank` in the `options` hash.

Parameters:

- `object` - The instance of the class to be used for the select tag

- `method` - The attribute of `object` corresponding to the select tag

- `collection` - An array of objects representing the `<optgroup>` tags.

- `group_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a member of `collection`, returns an array of child objects representing the `<option>` tags.

- `group_label_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a member of `collection`, returns a string to be used as the `label` attribute for its `<optgroup>` tag.

- `option_key_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member of `collection`, returns a value to be used as the `value` attribute for its `<option>` tag.

- `option_value_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member of `collection`, returns a value to be used as the contents of its `<option>` tag.

Example object structure for use with this method:

    class Continent < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :countries
      # attribs: id, name
    end
    class Country < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :continent
      # attribs: id, name, continent_id
    end
    class City < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :country
      # attribs: id, name, country_id
    end

Sample usage:

    grouped_collection_select(:city, :country_id, @continents, :countries, :name, :id, :name)

Possible output:

    <select name="city[country_id]">
      <optgroup label="Africa">
        <option value="1">South Africa</option>
        <option value="3">Somalia</option>
      </optgroup>
      <optgroup label="Europe">
        <option value="7" selected="selected">Denmark</option>
        <option value="2">Ireland</option>
      </optgroup>
    </select>

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 242
    def grouped_collection_select(object, method, collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, options = {}, html_options = {})
      InstanceTag.new(object, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_grouped_collection_select_tag(collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, options, html_options)
    end

grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options, selected_key = nil, prompt = nil) click to toggle source

Returns a string of `<option>` tags, like `options_for_select`, but wraps them with `<optgroup>` tags.

Parameters:

- `grouped_options` - Accepts a nested array or hash of strings. The first value serves as the `<optgroup>` label while the second value must be an array of options. The second value can be a nested array of text-value pairs. See `options_for_select` for more info.

      Ex. ["North America",[["United States","US"],["Canada","CA"]]]

- `selected_key` - A value equal to the `value` attribute for one of the `<option>` tags, which will have the `selected` attribute set. Note: It is possible for this value to match multiple options as you might have the same option in multiple groups. Each will then get `selected="selected"`.

- `prompt` - set to true or a prompt string. When the select element doesn't have a value yet, this prepends an option with a generic prompt - "Please select" - or the given prompt string.

Sample usage (Array):

    grouped_options = [
     ['North America',
       [['United States','US'],'Canada']],
     ['Europe',
       ['Denmark','Germany','France']]
    ]
    grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options)

Sample usage (Hash):

    grouped_options = {
     'North America' => [['United States','US'], 'Canada'],
     'Europe' => ['Denmark','Germany','France']
    }
    grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options)

Possible output:

    <optgroup label="Europe">
      <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>
      <option value="Germany">Germany</option>
      <option value="France">France</option>
    </optgroup>
    <optgroup label="North America">
      <option value="US">United States</option>
      <option value="Canada">Canada</option>
    </optgroup>

Note: Only the `<optgroup>` and `<option>` tags are returned, so you still have to wrap the output in an appropriate `<select>` tag.

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 473
    def grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options, selected_key = nil, prompt = nil)
      body = ''
      body << content_tag(:option, prompt, { :value => "" }, true) if prompt

      grouped_options = grouped_options.sort if grouped_options.is_a?(Hash)

      grouped_options.each do |group|
        body << content_tag(:optgroup, options_for_select(group[1], selected_key), :label => group[0])
      end

      body.html_safe
    end

option_groups_from_collection_for_select(collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, selected_key = nil) click to toggle source

Returns a string of `<option>` tags, like `options_from_collection_for_select`, but groups them by `<optgroup>` tags based on the object relationships of the arguments.

Parameters:

- `collection` - An array of objects representing the `<optgroup>` tags.

- `group_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a member of `collection`, returns an array of child objects representing the `<option>` tags.

- group_label_method+ - The name of a method which, when called on a member of `collection`, returns a string to be used as the `label` attribute for its `<optgroup>` tag.

- `option_key_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member of `collection`, returns a value to be used as the `value` attribute for its `<option>` tag.

- `option_value_method` - The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member of `collection`, returns a value to be used as the contents of its `<option>` tag.

- `selected_key` - A value equal to the `value` attribute for one of the `<option>` tags, which will have the `selected` attribute set. Corresponds to the return value of one of the calls to `option_key_method`. If `nil`, no selection is made. Can also be a hash if disabled values are to be specified.

Example object structure for use with this method:

    class Continent < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :countries
      # attribs: id, name
    end
    class Country < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :continent
      # attribs: id, name, continent_id
    end

Sample usage:

    option_groups_from_collection_for_select(@continents, :countries, :name, :id, :name, 3)

Possible output:

    <optgroup label="Africa">
      <option value="1">Egypt</option>
      <option value="4">Rwanda</option>
      ...
    </optgroup>
    <optgroup label="Asia">
      <option value="3" selected="selected">China</option>
      <option value="12">India</option>
      <option value="5">Japan</option>
      ...
    </optgroup>

Note: Only the `<optgroup>` and `<option>` tags are returned, so you still have to wrap the output in an appropriate `<select>` tag.

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 421
    def option_groups_from_collection_for_select(collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, selected_key = nil)
      collection.map do |group|
        group_label_string = eval("group.#{group_label_method}")
        "<optgroup label=\"#{ERB::Util.html_escape(group_label_string)}\">" +
          options_from_collection_for_select(eval("group.#{group_method}"), option_key_method, option_value_method, selected_key) +
          '</optgroup>'
      end.join.html_safe
    end

options_for_select(container, selected = nil) click to toggle source

Accepts a container (hash, array, enumerable, your type) and returns a string of option tags. Given a container where the elements respond to first and last (such as a two-element array), the "lasts" serve as option values and the "firsts" as option text. Hashes are turned into this form automatically, so the keys become "firsts" and values become lasts. If `selected` is specified, the matching "last" or element will get the selected option-tag. `selected` may also be an array of values to be selected when using a multiple select.

Examples (call, result):

    options_for_select([["Dollar", "$"], ["Kroner", "DKK"]])
      <option value="$">Dollar</option>\n<option value="DKK">Kroner</option>

    options_for_select([ "VISA", "MasterCard" ], "MasterCard")
      <option>VISA</option>\n<option selected="selected">MasterCard</option>

    options_for_select({ "Basic" => "$20", "Plus" => "$40" }, "$40")
      <option value="$20">Basic</option>\n<option value="$40" selected="selected">Plus</option>

    options_for_select([ "VISA", "MasterCard", "Discover" ], ["VISA", "Discover"])
      <option selected="selected">VISA</option>\n<option>MasterCard</option>\n<option selected="selected">Discover</option>

You can optionally provide html attributes as the last element of the array.

Examples:

    options_for_select([ "Denmark", ["USA", {:class => 'bold'}], "Sweden" ], ["USA", "Sweden"])
      <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>\n<option value="USA" class="bold" selected="selected">USA</option>\n<option value="Sweden" selected="selected">Sweden</option>

    options_for_select([["Dollar", "$", {:class => "bold"}], ["Kroner", "DKK", {:onclick => "alert('HI');"}]])
      <option value="$" class="bold">Dollar</option>\n<option value="DKK" onclick="alert('HI');">Kroner</option>

If you wish to specify disabled option tags, set `selected` to be a hash, with `:disabled` being either a value or array of values to be disabled. In this case, you can use `:selected` to specify selected option tags.

Examples:

    options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], :disabled => "Super Platinum")
      <option value="Free">Free</option>\n<option value="Basic">Basic</option>\n<option value="Advanced">Advanced</option>\n<option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>

    options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], :disabled => ["Advanced", "Super Platinum"])
      <option value="Free">Free</option>\n<option value="Basic">Basic</option>\n<option value="Advanced" disabled="disabled">Advanced</option>\n<option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>

    options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], :selected => "Free", :disabled => "Super Platinum")
      <option value="Free" selected="selected">Free</option>\n<option value="Basic">Basic</option>\n<option value="Advanced">Advanced</option>\n<option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>

NOTE: Only the option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML select tag.

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 322
    def options_for_select(container, selected = nil)
      return container if String === container

      selected, disabled = extract_selected_and_disabled(selected).map do | r |
         Array.wrap(r).map { |item| item.to_s }
      end

      container.map do |element|
        html_attributes = option_html_attributes(element)
        text, value = option_text_and_value(element).map { |item| item.to_s }
        selected_attribute = ' selected="selected"' if option_value_selected?(value, selected)
        disabled_attribute = ' disabled="disabled"' if disabled && option_value_selected?(value, disabled)
        %(<option value="#{ERB::Util.html_escape(value)}"#{selected_attribute}#{disabled_attribute}#{html_attributes}>#{ERB::Util.html_escape(text)}</option>)
      end.join("\n").html_safe

    end

options_from_collection_for_select(collection, value_method, text_method, selected = nil) click to toggle source

Returns a string of option tags that have been compiled by iterating over the `collection` and assigning the result of a call to the `value_method` as the option value and the `text_method` as the option text. Example:

    options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name')

This will output the same HTML as if you did this:

    <option value="#{person.id}">#{person.name}</option>

This is more often than not used inside a select_tag like this example:

    select_tag 'person', options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name')

If `selected` is specified as a value or array of values, the element(s) returning a match on `value_method` will be selected option tag(s).

If `selected` is specified as a Proc, those members of the collection that return true for the anonymous function are the selected values.

`selected` can also be a hash, specifying both `:selected` and/or `:disabled` values as required.

Be sure to specify the same class as the `value_method` when specifying selected or disabled options. Failure to do this will produce undesired results. Example:

    options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name', '1')

Will not select a person with the id of 1 because 1 (an Integer) is not the same as '1' (a string)

    options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name', 1)

should produce the desired results.

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 363
    def options_from_collection_for_select(collection, value_method, text_method, selected = nil)
      options = collection.map do |element|
        [element.send(text_method), element.send(value_method)]
      end
      selected, disabled = extract_selected_and_disabled(selected)
      select_deselect = {}
      select_deselect[:selected] = extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, selected)
      select_deselect[:disabled] = extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, disabled)

      options_for_select(options, select_deselect)
    end

select(object, method, choices, options = {}, html_options = {}) click to toggle source

Create a select tag and a series of contained option tags for the provided object and method. The option currently held by the object will be selected, provided that the object is available.

There are two possible formats for the choices parameter, corresponding to other helpers' output:

    * A flat collection: see options_for_select
    * A nested collection: see grouped_options_for_select

Example with @post.person_id => 1:

    select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, { :include_blank => true })

could become:

    <select name="post[person_id]">
      <option value=""></option>
      <option value="1" selected="selected">David</option>
      <option value="2">Sam</option>
      <option value="3">Tobias</option>
    </select>

This can be used to provide a default set of options in the standard way: before rendering the create form, a new model instance is assigned the default options and bound to @model_name. Usually this model is not saved to the database. Instead, a second model object is created when the create request is received. This allows the user to submit a form page more than once with the expected results of creating multiple records. In addition, this allows a single partial to be used to generate form inputs for both edit and create forms.

By default, `post.person_id` is the selected option. Specify `:selected => value` to use a different selection or `:selected => nil` to leave all options unselected. Similarly, you can specify values to be disabled in the option tags by specifying the `:disabled` option. This can either be a single value or an array of values to be disabled.

#### Gotcha

The HTML specification says when `multiple` parameter passed to select and all options got deselected web browsers do not send any value to server. Unfortunately this introduces a gotcha: if an `User` model has many `roles` and have `role_ids` accessor, and in the form that edits roles of the user the user deselects all roles from `role_ids` multiple select box, no `role_ids` parameter is sent. So, any mass-assignment idiom like

    @user.update_attributes(params[:user])

wouldn't update roles.

To prevent this the helper generates an auxiliary hidden field before every multiple select. The hidden field has the same name as multiple select and blank value.

This way, the client either sends only the hidden field (representing the deselected multiple select box), or both fields. Since the HTML specification says key/value pairs have to be sent in the same order they appear in the form, and parameters extraction gets the last occurrence of any repeated key in the query string, that works for ordinary forms.

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 156
    def select(object, method, choices, options = {}, html_options = {})
      InstanceTag.new(object, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_select_tag(choices, options, html_options)
    end

time_zone_options_for_select(selected = nil, priority_zones = nil, model = ::ActiveSupport::TimeZone) click to toggle source

Returns a string of option tags for pretty much any time zone in the world. Supply a ActiveSupport::TimeZone name as `selected` to have it marked as the selected option tag. You can also supply an array of ActiveSupport::TimeZone objects as `priority_zones`, so that they will be listed above the rest of the (long) list. (You can use ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones as a convenience for obtaining a list of the US time zones, or a Regexp to select the zones of your choice)

The `selected` parameter must be either `nil`, or a string that names a ActiveSupport::TimeZone.

By default, `model` is the ActiveSupport::TimeZone constant (which can be obtained in Active Record as a value object). The only requirement is that the `model` parameter be an object that responds to `all`, and returns an array of objects that represent time zones.

NOTE: Only the option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML select tag.

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 504
    def time_zone_options_for_select(selected = nil, priority_zones = nil, model = ::ActiveSupport::TimeZone)
      zone_options = ""

      zones = model.all
      convert_zones = lambda { |list| list.map { |z| [ z.to_s, z.name ] } }

      if priority_zones
        if priority_zones.is_a?(Regexp)
          priority_zones = model.all.find_all {|z| z =~ priority_zones}
        end
        zone_options += options_for_select(convert_zones[priority_zones], selected)
        zone_options += "<option value=\"\" disabled=\"disabled\">-------------</option>\n"

        zones = zones.reject { |z| priority_zones.include?( z ) }
      end

      zone_options += options_for_select(convert_zones[zones], selected)
      zone_options.html_safe
    end

time_zone_select(object, method, priority_zones = nil, options = {}, html_options = {}) click to toggle source

Return select and option tags for the given object and method, using time_zone_options_for_select to generate the list of option tags.

In addition to the `:include_blank` option documented above, this method also supports a `:model` option, which defaults to ActiveSupport::TimeZone. This may be used by users to specify a different time zone model object. (See `time_zone_options_for_select` for more information.)

You can also supply an array of ActiveSupport::TimeZone objects as `priority_zones`, so that they will be listed above the rest of the (long) list. (You can use ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones as a convenience for obtaining a list of the US time zones, or a Regexp to select the zones of your choice)

Finally, this method supports a `:default` option, which selects a default ActiveSupport::TimeZone if the object's time zone is `nil`.

Examples:

    time_zone_select( "user", "time_zone", nil, :include_blank => true)

    time_zone_select( "user", "time_zone", nil, :default => "Pacific Time (US & Canada)" )

    time_zone_select( "user", 'time_zone', ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones, :default => "Pacific Time (US & Canada)")

    time_zone_select( "user", 'time_zone', [ ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Alaska'], ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Hawaii'] ])

    time_zone_select( "user", 'time_zone', /Australia/)

    time_zone_select( "user", "time_zone", ActiveSupport::TimeZone.all.sort, :model => ActiveSupport::TimeZone)

    # File lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 276
    def time_zone_select(object, method, priority_zones = nil, options = {}, html_options = {})
      InstanceTag.new(object, method, self,  options.delete(:object)).to_time_zone_select_tag(priority_zones, options, html_options)
    end

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