# Image Format and Characteristics

Example Usage • Option Summary

The `magick identify` program describes the format and characteristics of one or more image files. It also reports if an image is incomplete or corrupt. The information returned includes the image number, the file name, the width and height of the image, whether the image is colormapped or not, the number of colors in the image, the number of bytes in the image, the format of the image (JPEG, PNM, etc.), and finally the number of seconds it took to read and process the image. Many more attributes are available with the verbose option. See Command Line Processing for advice on how to structure your `magick identify` command or see below for example usages of the command.

## Example Usage

We list a few examples of the `magick identify` command here to illustrate its usefulness and ease of use. To get started, lets identify an image in the JPEG format:

    $ magick identify rose.jpg
    rose.jpg JPEG 70x46 70x46+0+0 8-bit sRGB 2.36KB 0.000u 0:00.000

By default, `magick identify` provides the following output:

`Filename[frame #] image-format widthxheight page-widthxpage-height+x-offset+y-offset colorspace user-time elapsed-time`

Next, we look at the same image in greater detail:

    $ magick identify -verbose rose.jpg
    Image: rose.jpg
      Format: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format)
      Mime type: images/jpeg
      Class: DirectClass
      Geometry: 70x46+0+0
      Units: Undefined
      Type: TrueColor
      Endianness: Undefined
      Colorspace: sRGB
      Depth: 8-bit
      Channel depth:
        Red: 8-bit
        Green: 8-bit
        Blue: 8-bit
      Channel statistics:
        Pixels: 3220
        Red:
          min: 31 (0.121569)
          max: 255 (1)
          mean: 145.557 (0.570814)
          standard deviation: 69.1933 (0.271346)
          kurtosis: -1.38945
          skewness: 0.138955
          entropy: 0.970683
        Green:
          min: 27 (0.105882)
          max: 255 (1)
          mean: 89.246 (0.349984)
          standard deviation: 52.4608 (0.205729)
          kurtosis: 2.60139
          skewness: 1.80708
          entropy: 0.869711
        Blue:
          min: 21 (0.0823529)
          max: 255 (1)
          mean: 80.4196 (0.315371)
          standard deviation: 54.9377 (0.215442)
          kurtosis: 2.93417
          skewness: 1.95544
          entropy: 0.853176
      Image statistics:
        Overall:
          min: 21 (0.0823529)
          max: 255 (1)
          mean: 105.074 (0.412056)
          standard deviation: 58.8639 (0.230839)
          kurtosis: 1.37788
          skewness: 1.48073
          entropy: 0.897856
      Rendering intent: Perceptual
      Gamma: 0.454545
      Chromaticity:
        red primary: (0.64,0.33)
        green primary: (0.3,0.6)
        blue primary: (0.15,0.06)
        white point: (0.3127,0.329)
      Alpha color: grey74
      Background color: white
      Border color: srgb(223,223,223)
      Transparent color: none
      Interlace: None
      Intensity: Undefined
      Compose: Over
      Page geometry: 70x46+0+0
      Dispose: Undefined
      Iterations: 0
      Compression: JPEG
      Quality: 92
      Orientation: Undefined
      Properties:
        jpeg:colorspace: 2
        jpeg:sampling-factor: 1x1,1x1,1x1
        signature: aea65c9b557d779d142f26d04abe7008bab50f1e9647faae20afdcc6c15140d5
      Artifacts:
        verbose: true
      Tainted: False
      Filesize: 2.65KB
      Number pixels: 3.22K
      User time: 0.000u
      Elapsed time: 0:01.000
      Version: ImageMagick 7.0.4-8 Q16 x86_64 http://imagemagick.org

Note, the image signature is generated from the pixel components, not the image metadata.

To get the print size in inches of an image at 72 DPI, use:

    $ magick identify -format "%[fx:w/72] by %[fx:h/72] inches" document.png
    8.5 x 11 inches

The depth and dimensions of a raw image must be specified on the command line:

    $ magick identify -depth 8 -size 640x480 image.raw
    image.raw RGB 640x480 sRGB 9kb 0.000u 0:01

Here we display the image texture features, moments, perceptual hash, and the number of unique colors in the image:

    $ magick identify -verbose -features 1 -moments -unique image.png

To display the convex hull and minimum bounding box attributes of the image, use:

    magick identify -define identify:convex-hull=true image.png

Here is a special define that outputs the location of the minimum or maximum pixel of the image:

    magick identify -precision 5 -define identify:locate=maximum -define identify:limit=3 image.png

You can find additional examples of using `magick identify` in Examples of ImageMagick Usage.

## Option Summary

The `magick identify` command recognizes these options. Click on an option to get more details about how that option works.

Option | Description
--- | ---
-alpha | on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy", transparent, extract, background, or shape the alpha channel
-antialias | remove pixel-aliasing
-authenticate value | decrypt image with this password
-auto-orient | automagically orient image
-channel type | apply option to select image channels
-clip | clip along the first path from the 8BIM profile
-clip-mask filename | associate clip mask with the image
-clip-path id | clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile
-colorspace type | set image colorspace
-crop geometry | crop the image
-debug events | display copious debugging information
-define format:option | define one or more image format options
-density geometry | horizontal and vertical density of the image
-depth value | image depth
-endian type | endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image
-extract geometry | extract area from image
-features distance | analyze image features (e.g. contract, correlations, etc.).
-format string | output formatted image characteristics
-gamma value | level of gamma correction
-grayscale method | convert image to grayscale
-help | print program options
-interlace type | type of image interlacing scheme
-interpolate method | pixel color interpolation method
-limit type value | pixel cache resource limit
-list type | Color, Configure, Delegate, Format, Magic, Module, Resource, or Type
-log format | format of debugging information
-mask filename | associate a mask with the image
-moments | display image moments and perceptual hash.
-monitor | monitor progress
-negate | replace each pixel with its complementary color
-ping | by default, efficiently determine certain image characteristics.
-precision value | set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed
-quiet | suppress all warning messages
-regard-warnings | pay attention to warning messages.
-respect-parentheses | settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.
-sampling-factor geometry | horizontal and vertical sampling factor
-set attribute value | set an image attribute
-size geometry | width and height of image
-strip | strip image of all profiles and comments
-unique | display image the number of unique colors in the image.
-units type | the units of image resolution
-verbose | print detailed information about the image
-version | print version information
-virtual-pixel method | access method for pixels outside the boundaries of the image